Sayed Hassan Akhlaq (Coppin State University, USA), Review of M. Afzal Upal and Carole M. Cusack (eds), Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements. Chapter: Carole M. Cusack, “Gurdjieff and Sufism: A Contested Relationship,” pp. 612-631. By Carole Cusack

https://www.academia.edu/143806997/Sayed_Hassan_Akhlaq_Coppin_State_University_USA_Review_of_M_Afzal_Upal_and_Carole_M_Cusack_eds_Handbook_of_Islamic_Sects_and_Movements_Chapter_Carole_M_Cusack_Gurdjieff_and_Sufism_A_Contested_Relationship_pp_612_631?email_work_card=title The Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements is a successful attempt to move beyond the traditional anthologies, encyclopedias and handbooks on the topic, helping broader audiences to better understand the‘diverse Islams’ and the current tensions among Muslims. Editors Muhammad Afzal Upal and Carole M. Cusack along with 31 professionals contributed to this 33-chapter volume, covering major aspects of contemporary Islamic sects and movements. The editors, who view sects as groups of individuals who share a set of beliefs and interconnected convictions, examine sects and movements together and include ‘heretical’ movements that consider themselves Islamic but are rejected as such by many Sunni and Shi’a Muslims, as well as splinter groups and faiths that emerged from Islam but no longer consider themselves part of the Islamic community such as the Ba’hai faith. The handbook also pays specific attention to political manifestations of Islam. ...