Industrial Revolutions: From Ctesibius to Mars by Cort MacLean Johns

https://muslimheritage.com/industrial-revolutions/ This article introduces the author’s book that demonstrates a long historical chronology of sophisticated technological advances from the Hellenistic Period through to Denis Papin’s first Steam Engine in 1690. A 2-millennium period of little progress in steam mechanics must first be considered before assuming that the First Industrial Revolution self-ignited between 1776 and 1780. Thus, the dichotomy of historical interpretation comes to the fore: If there is only one 18thcentury Industrial Revolution, not including or requiring any technological advances having taken place before 1776/1780. The Industrial Revolution, thus assumes, a Virgin Birther’s position.