Urbanization in Iron Age Europe: Trajectories, Patterns, and Social Dynamics - Journal of Archaeological Research (published online 2017, print 2018) Manuel Fernández-Götz

https://www.academia.edu/34361995/Urbanization_in_Iron_Age_Europe_Trajectories_Patterns_and_Social_Dynamics_Journal_of_Archaeological_Research_published_online_2017_print_2018_?rhid=41926560335&swp=rr-rw-wc-21794939&nav_from=f6301876-5ed8-4482-9abc-95de0c60eb4c The development of the first urban centers is one of the most fundamental phenomena in the history of temperate Europe. New research demonstrates that the earliest cities developed north of the Alps between the sixth and fifth centuries BC as a consequence of processes of demographic growth, hierarchization, and centralization that have their roots in the immediately preceding period. However, this was an ephemeral urban phenomenon, which was followed by a period of crisis characterized by the abandonment of major centers and the return to more decentralized settlement patterns. A new trend toward urbanization occurred in the third and second centuries BC with the appearance of supra-local sanctuaries, open agglomerations, and finally the fortified oppida. Late Iron Age settlement patterns and urban trajectories were much more complex than traditionally thought and included manifold interrelations between open and fortified sites. Political and religious aspects played a key role in the development of central places, and in many cases the oppida were established on locations that already had a sacred character as places for rituals and assemblies. The Roman conquest largely brought to an end Iron Age urbanization processes, but with heterogeneous results of both abandonment and disruption and also continuity and integration.

A dialogue: Part 1 The urban start-up of the Heuneburg and Part 2 The rise of urbanism in Early Europe Kleos - the Amsterdam Bulletin of Ancient Studies and Archaeology, Karin Scharringhausen, Manuel Fernández-Götz

https://www.academia.edu/21794939/A_dialogue_Part_1_The_urban_start_up_of_the_Heuneburg_and_Part_2_The_rise_of_urbanism_in_Early_Europe?rhid=41926541762&swp=rr-rw-wc-3623124&nav_from=d1f81695-b9ec-4e7c-ba70-debb2717fc90

Heuneburg. First city north of the Alps - Current World Archaeology Manuel Fernández-Götz

https://www.academia.edu/3623124/Heuneburg_First_city_north_of_the_Alps_Current_World_Archaeology?rhid=41926529757&swp=rr-rw-wc-22287354&nav_from=e6abdad2-cff4-4118-9f33-a19d097eba4f

Ancient Maps – modern data sets: different investigative techniques in the landscape of the Early Iron Age princely hill fort Heuneburg, Baden-Württemberg Jörg Bofinger

https://www.academia.edu/22287354/Ancient_Maps_modern_data_sets_different_investigative_techniques_in_the_landscape_of_the_Early_Iron_Age_princely_hill_fort_Heuneburg_Baden_W%C3%BCrttemberg?rhid=41926492562&swp=rr-rw-wc-44840034&nav_from=52ea299c-88e8-4775-8f95-00b458c44b45

D. Krausse/L. Hansen/R. Tarpini, Earliest Town North of the Alps. New Excavations and Research in the Heuneburg Region. In: L. Zamboni/M. Fernández-Götz/C. Metzner-Nebelsick (Hrsg.), Crossing the Alps. Early Urbanism between Northern Italy and Central Europe (900-400 BC) (Leiden 2020) 299-317. Dirk Krausse, Leif Hansen, Roberto Tarpini

https://www.academia.edu/44840034/D_Krausse_L_Hansen_R_Tarpini_Earliest_Town_North_of_the_Alps_New_Excavations_and_Research_in_the_Heuneburg_Region_In_L_Zamboni_M_Fern%C3%A1ndez_G%C3%B6tz_C_Metzner_Nebelsick_Hrsg_Crossing_the_Alps_Early_Urbanism_between_Northern_Italy_and_Central_Europe_900_400_BC_Leiden_2020_299_317?rhid=41926408914&swp=rr-rw-wc-29328063&nav_from=31228a98-1bc6-40fe-bafd-2265337ed6b0 The Heuneburg was one of the most important centres of power during the Early Iron Age north of the Alps. At the height of its prosperity in the first half of the 6th century BC the Heuneburg consisted of the hilltop plateau or acropolis, the lower town, and the outer settlement extending over an area of about 100 ha. The fieldwork of the last two decades has radically changed the traditional picture of this Early Iron Age centre of power. The Heuneburg should no longer be described as a small ‘princely seat’, but rather as one of the first urban or proto-urban centres of temperate Europe. The new results of the excavations at the Bettelbühl necropolis also shed completely new light on the history and development of the Heuneburg itself. The extraordinary finds from tumulus 4 suggest close connections south of the Alps. Within the framework of a long-term research programme financed by the German Research Foundation, the further environment of the Heuneburg has been the subject of systematic investigation since 2014. The spur of the Alte Burg was extensively reshaped in the Hallstatt period and served as a cult or assembly place, perhaps also as a location for games and competitions. The Große Heuneburg instead was a fortified hilltop settlement protected by powerful two-shelled walls. The Heuneburg, the Alte Burg, the Große Heuneburg, and further hilltop sites in the region, will have formed a complex system consisting of a main centre with further dependent central places.

The Heuneburg and the Early Iron Age Princely Seats: First Towns North of the Alps Manuel Fernández-Götz, Leif Hansen, Inga Kretschmer

https://www.academia.edu/29328063/The_Heuneburg_and_the_Early_Iron_Age_Princely_Seats_First_Towns_North_of_the_Alps The Heuneburg on the Upper Danube is one of the best-studied sites of the European Iron Age. Recent research has radically changed our traditional understanding of this central place, which in the 6th century BC covered an area of about 100 hectares. As we argue in the book, the settlement can be classified as the first city north of the Alps. This volume has two main, interconnected aims: to provide the first synthesis in English on the archaeology of the Heuneburg and its surroundings, including the rich burial evidence and the hillforts in the vicinity; and to set the development of this important Early Iron Age site into the broader context of the centralisation and urbanisation processes of the Late Hallstatt period. The fi nal chapter includes an overview of the main contemporaneous sites in Temperate Europe, from Bourges and Mont Lassois in France to Závist in the Czech Republic.

Foreword: Faith and the Arts Olena Darewych

https://www.academia.edu/69017849/Foreword_Faith_and_the_Arts?rhid=41926048699&swp=rr-rw-wc-171604296&nav_from=c17e5185-09cf-4721-a901-1581e4bf268a