A zempléni csésze Kelet és Nyugat között - The Zemplín Cup between East and West, 2024 By Tivadar Vida

https://www.academia.edu/143685931/A_zempl%C3%A9ni_cs%C3%A9sze_Kelet_%C3%A9s_Nyugat_k%C3%B6z%C3%B6tt_The_Zempl%C3%ADn_Cup_between_East_and_West_2024 The study assumes that the distinctive shape of the Zemplín Cup (SK), which dates from the Hungarian Conquest period, is not unconnected to developments in toreutics (artistic metalworking) in the 9th and 10th centuries. The study investigates analogies across a wide geographical area and from multiple cultures, attempting to interpret these in the context of links between Europe, Eurasia, and the Mediterranean world, namely between East and West. As regards shape, the cup matches others from the period, meaning that the craftsman who made it must have been familiar with the legacy of forms on which it draws. He may have become acquainted with this legacy partly by way of artefacts that mediated it to him, yet the techniques used to make the cup are not indicative of Central Asian, East European, Byzantine, or Carolingian workshops. This artefact is the work of a local goldsmith which was ordered by the conquering Hungarian elite. The Zemplín Cup is a distinctive product of Hungarian toreutics during the Conquest period, but the artist who fashioned it was certainly familiar with metalworking traditions in the East and West at this time. In the case of the Zemplín Cup, Avar-period, West European, and Carolingian-era antecedents ‒ possibly Pannonian ones ‒ are presented (in addition to the Eastern parallels taken into account hitherto) that a master-craftsman creating in the Carpathian Basin already was able to build on.