The Last Years of Crusader Acre ('Akko) and Resettlement in the Ottoman Period: Archaeological Evidence from the Boverel Quarter. 'Atiqot 103, 2021 By Edna J. Stern

https://www.academia.edu/49260057/The_Last_Years_of_Crusader_Acre_Akko_and_Resettlement_in_the_Ottoman_Period_Archaeological_Evidence_from_the_Boverel_Quarter_Atiqot_103_2021?nav_from=3d084123-97ad-4cab-9a11-fed0e072e758 A trial excavation was conducted in a two-story Ottoman-period building in the Old City of ‘Akko, prior to the construction of a wine cellar and the renovation of the building as a Boutique Hotel. The building is located in the northwestern part of the Old City, in the Crusader-period civilian residential Boverel quarter. The excavation was carried out in a ground-floor room (c. 5 × 9 m) in the northwestern part of the building. Upon removal of the modern tile floor, a flagstone floor set on a soil fill was discovered; this was probably the original floor of the late Ottoman building, dating to the later half of the eighteenth, or the early nineteenth, century CE (Stratum I). The archaeological remains found below the original floor of the Ottoman building included some evidence for an early Ottoman, seventeenth-century CE occupation (Stratum II), below which part of a Crusader, thirteenth-century CE building, which was destroyed by a fierce fire, was found (Stratum III). Two small probes dug below the Crusader building yielded sporadic sherds dating to the Crusader and earlier periods (Stratum IV). Fragments of a unique Port St. Symeon glazed ceramic tile, almost completely restored, were found. It bears a sgraffito depiction of a cross-legged seated person wearing an oriental caftan and drinking from a conical beaker held in his left hand. It is covered with yellowish glaze, and the background has some additional yellow and green painted areas. This tile is extensively discussed here. ...