A new astronomically based chronological model for the Egyptian Old Kingdom (2017) Dr. Michael E . Habicht, Francesco Maria Galassi, Rainer Hannig

https://www.academia.edu/33323716/A_new_astronomically_based_chronological_model_for_the_Egyptian_Old_Kingdom_2017_ Authors: Rita Gautschy; Michael E. Habicht; Francesco M. Galassi; Daniela Rutica; Frank J. Rühli and Rainer Hannig Source: Journal of Egyptian History, Volume 10, Issue 2, pages 69 – 108 Publication Year : 2017 DOI: 10.1163/18741665-12340035 ISSN: 1874-1657 E-ISSN: 1874-1665 Document Type: Research Article Subjects: Ancient Near East and Egypt Keywords: Egyptian Old Kingdom; lunar dates; heliacal rising of Sirius; regnal year count; chronology Upload of accepted manuscript as the embargo time has expired in 2018 From the accepted manuscript: Abstract A recently discovered inscription on an ancient Egyptian ointment jar mentions the heliacal rising of Sirius. In the time of the early Pharaohs, this specific astronomical event marked the beginning of the Egyptian New Year and originally the annual return of the Nile flood, making it of great ritual importance. Since the Egyptian civil calendar of 365 days permanently shifted one day in four years in comparison to the stars due to the lack of intercalation, the connection of a date from the Egyptian civil calendar with the heliacal rising of Sothis is vitally important for the reconstruction of chronology. The new date from the Old Kingdom (3-6th Dynasty) in combination with other astronomical data and radiocarbon dating re-calibrates the chronology of Ancient Egypt and consequently the dating of the Pyramids. A chronological model for Dynasties 3 to 6 constructed on the basis of calculated astronomical data and contemporaneously documented year dates of Pharaohs is presented.