The Making of the Roman Army: From Republic to Empire By Michael P. Speidel

https://www.academia.edu/123650107/The_Making_of_the_Roman_Army_From_Republic_to_Empire?nav_from=7e68713d-7132-4bbf-81ab-1be8bf3e8a93 PLATES Between pages 112 and 113 1 Italian hoplites 2 The battle of Pydna, 168 BC, as depicted on the monument of Aemilius Paullus at Delphi 3 Roman soldiers of the later second century BC: detail from the Altar of Domitius Ahenobarbus 4 The army on the coinage: (a) military standards, 82 BC (b) military standards, 49 BC (c) colonisation programme, c.40 BC (d) Gallic arms (e) the Gauls defeated 5 Soldiers of the Late Republic (a) L. Septumius (b) L. Appuleius (c) C. Raius Perulla (d) P. Gessius 6 Bust of Julius Caesar 7 Caesar's bridge across the Rhine 8 Alesia: general views of the site 9 Alesia: details of the Roman fortifications 10 Gravestone of the brothers Canuleius, who served under Caesar in Gaul 11 A warship of the Late Republic 12 Antony's military coinage, 32-31 BC (a) Antony's fleet (b) legio XII Antiqua (c) cohortes praetoriae (d) cohors speculatorum 13 Catapult-shield of the legio IIII Macedonica 14 Emblems and standards: (a) legio IIII Scythica (b) a monument at Venafro 15 Statue of Augustus from Prima Porta, Rome 16 Augustan colonies on the coinage: (a) Emerita (b) Caesarea Augusta (c) Philippi (d) Patrae 17 Imperial propaganda on the coinage: (a) recovery of standards from the Parthians (b) Germanicus recovers an aquila lost with Varus (c) Caligula addressing the men of four legions, AD 39 (d) Nero addressing the German Bodyguard, AD 64-66 18 Cenotaph of Marcus Caelius, a centurion who 'fell in the Varian War' 19 The army of the Early Empire: (a) Cn. Musius, aquilifer (b) C. Romanius, cavalryman of the ala Noricorum (c) Monimus, a Syrian archer (d) P. Flavoleius, a soldier of legio XIV Gemina 20 The Praetorian Guard LINE ILLUSTRATIONS 1 Rome and Italy c. 400 BC 2 The 'Servian Constitution' 3 Roman roads and colonies in Italy 4 The Roman legion, c. 340 BC, as described by Livy 5 Italy and the western Mediterranean 6 A: The battle of Cannae, B: The battle of Zama 7 The battle of Ilipa 8 The Roman legion, c. 160 BC, as described by Polybius 9 The Roman camp according to Polybius 10 The eastern Mediterranean world, c. 200 BC 11 The battle of Cynoscephalae 12 Roman camps at Renieblas 13 Camp III at Renieblas: general plan 14 Camp III at Renieblas: plan of barracks 15 Siegeworks round Numantia 16 Siegecamp at Peña Redonda 17 Siegecamp at Castillejo ...