Dorothy Day: not your off-the-shelf saint
Despite her wild past and radical politics, an American woman’s life has inspired many
The word on the “Catholic Street” is that Dorothy Day is being fast-tracked to sainthood. Pope Francis, who shows no fear of controversy, strongly indicates his admiration for her. When the Pope spoke before the United States Congress last September, he singled out four Americans, whom he called “the Fantastic Four,” for special praise: Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King, Thomas Merton and Dorothy Day.
Day received papal praise for her passionate commitment to social justice and in particular her lifelong dedication to the poor and the rights of all persons … poor, oppressed and unborn. She echoes the life and loves of the Pope’s patron, St Francis of Assisi.
Early in his pontificate, Pope Francis urged his priests to be shepherds “with the smell of the sheep.” Day had it. Her total embrace of radical poverty and daily work with many of New York’s abandoned and neglected make her a model not only for priests, but all of us who have been charged with the care of the poor.
Her unswerving dedication to the poor is surely the reason that in 2000, close to his own death, Cardinal John O’Connor of New York City began the process of Day’s canonization. Deeply dedicated to helping the forgotten and left behind, Cardinal O’Connor wanted his flock and the world to encounter a modern saint, a warts-and-all saint.
But as her cause picks up speed, it is setting off alarm bells, because Dorothy Day’s was not the Little Flower. She was no meek and mild, kiss-the-book communicant. She was a wild, undisciplined, free spirit who in her 30s began the great romance of her life. She fell in love with Christ and his Church. Before that, she lived the disorder existence of a confused bohemia.
Born in 1897 in Brooklyn into a somewhat nomadic and rootless family, she moved across the country, first, to San Francisco and later Chicago. The family was nominally Christian and Dorothy was baptized and had some bare bones religious instruction. In high school she proved to be a good enough student to win a scholarship to the University of Illinois. Dorothy was described as a “reluctant scholar,” interested more in the radical politics going on in the real world of the day than the world of academia. After two years she left college and moved to New York City’s Lower East Side, which was the center of radical politics at the time.
Getting work in a series of extreme left-wing newspapers and little magazines, she discovered what was to be a major part of her life-long cause: the forgotten poor. Reflecting on those years, she wrote that her allegiances kept shifting back and forth between socialism and anarchism.
She, also, full-throatedly embraced the Bohemian lifestyle around her. Those early years of her late teens and on into her 30s were filled with one dead-end job after another, drunkenness, and a series of affairs. One of her lovers got her pregnant and convinced her to make what she believed was the greatest mistake of her life. She had an abortion.
Years later, she became pregnant again by her common-law husband. Against his wishes, she had this child. The birth of her daughter, Tamar, was the pivotal event of her life. It was her Paul-of-Tarsus moment. She found Transcendence in the most earthly of things, a helpless baby. Daily care for Tamar led her on search for the child’s Creator. In turn, that search lead her to the Catholic Church, hardly a favored institution of her bohemian friends and colleagues.
It was not the high theology of the Church that drew her, but its work with New York homeless and abandoned. Here, in serving the poor and doing God’s work, her worlds came together.
She with her longtime associate, the mystical Paul Maurin, founded the Catholic Worker, a free newspaper that for over 80 years has been the beacon for many Catholics and Protestants, calling attention to the folly of war and the abuses of capitalism. The newspaper, indeed, lit a fire: the Catholic Worker Movement, which, like its founder, has been a passionate, and sometimes imprudent, center of the Catholic Left.
It is not only her abortion, then, that caused some to question her possible promotion to sainthood. It is her political stands. She supported pacificism during the Spanish Civil War even though the Communist-backed Republican government harshly oppressed the Church and she supported atheist Fidel Castro’s takeover of Cuba.
On the other hand, she was no advocate of pure communist or socialism. She advocated “distributism,” an economic theory very much in line with Catholic social thought. Popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and favored by conservative Catholic thinkers, such as Hilaire Belloc and G.K. Chesterton, distributism has been described as “a third way between socialism and capitalism.”
Whether or not she gets the title “saint,” the coming process of Dorothy Day’s canonization will be one of fire, not ice. One suspects she’d like it that way. She lived her Catholicism “large” and she spoke truth to power long before it became a cliché. She made big mistakes and loved big. She comforted the sick and the homeless, and she was, and is, a thorn in the conscience of the comfortable.
Kevin Ryan founded the Center for the Advancement of Ethics and Character at Boston University, where he is professor emeritus. He has written and edited 20 books. He has appeared on CBS's "This Morning", ABC's "Good Morning America", "The O’Reilly Factor", CNN and the Public Broadcasting System speaking on character education. He can be reached at kryan@bu.edu
Well, the people of Indiana have spoken. Donald Trump is the presumptive Republican nominee for the Presidency and will face the (nearly) presumptive Democrat nominee Hillary Clinton in November's election. After months of campaigning the greatest horse race in the world is entering the final straight. The pundits are placing their bets; the crowd is roaring; the jockeys are thrashing their mounts. It will be the most interesting election in decades.
Except that an election is not a horse race. It's a deeply ethical decision for each and every one of the voters. And they have been presented with a cruel choice this year. On the one hand they have Clinton, a millionaire from the big end of town pretending to be a champion of the disadvantaged, under a cloud for dishonesty, a polished politician who has built her career on supporting abortion and gay rights. On the other hand, they have Trump, a billionaire who has never been elected to anything, a man full of vulgar narcissistic bombast, a man who supports torture, who wants to treat migrants like felons, who admires the toughness of gangsters like Vladimir Putin. He says that he is pro-life, but can he be believed?
Is it possible for an American voter who believes in human dignity to support either of them? Or is it better to vote for an obscure third-party candidate? Or to boycott the election altogether? Whatever the answer is, voters have to examine the issues and the candidates deeply.
Michael Cook
Editor
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